Flame instability, uneven heating and poor burnout usually start with how fuel and air meet. A combustion CFD study shows the mixing, the recirculation zones and the temperature field, so a change to the burner or its operating regime can be judged before a test campaign.

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Chemistry and its interaction with turbulence are modelled, not resolved. Temperature and major-species trends are reliable for comparing variants; NOx and CO values are indicative unless the model is calibrated against measurements from your unit.

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