CFD Convergence Criteria: Why Residuals Alone Are Not Enough
Residuals fell three orders and the answer is still moving. Learn three checks that show a CFD solution has converged, with a worked example and a checklist.
Read articleEngineering notes. Clearer decisions.
Practical guidance on CFD, model evidence and the questions worth asking before a simulation.
Ejector CFD Simulation: Which Turbulence Model to Trust
Ejector CFD depends heavily on the turbulence model. See what a published validation reports for k-omega SST, where it is weaker, and how to compare designs.
Read article
How Accurate Is CFD? What Acceptable Error Really Means
CFD has no single accuracy figure. See where the error comes from, what a published validation reports, and how to decide what error your decision can tolerate.
Read article
k-omega SST vs k-epsilon: Which Model and What y+
Choosing between k-omega SST and k-epsilon depends on how you treat the wall. Compare the two models, see which y+ each needs, and calculate the first cell height.
Read article
Mesh Independence Study: A Worked GCI Example
A step-by-step mesh independence study: three meshes, the refinement ratio, the observed order and the grid convergence index, ending in one sentence for your report.
Read articleVerification and validation: two different questions
A converged CFD solution is a starting point. Numerical checks and comparison with physical evidence answer different questions about a model.
Read article